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| Titre de l’article | Sleep neurophysiology and personality functioning in adolescence: Evidence from a dimensional approach |
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| Code d’article | P03 |
| Auteurs | |
| Forme de présentation | Poster |
| Domaines thématiques |
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| Résumé (Abstract) |
Introduction: Changes to sleep behavior and neurophysiology are a common feature of pediatric depression. However, altered sleep is not exclusively tied to psychiatric disorder or a specific diagnosis: Similar, yet less marked alterations to sleep have also been reported in sub-clinical samples. This finding suggests that the link between sleep changes and mental health may lie on a continuum. The current study therefore takes a dimensional approach to elucidate the association between personality and the sleeping brain, using the alternative DSM-5 approach to assess personality (AMPD) and the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) to measure brain activity. Methods: This study included 70 medication free participants (35 with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 35 healthy controls aged 14 to 17 years (mean = 15.15 (±1.1); 25 female) that were taking part in a longitudinal study on sleep and depression. To assess dimensions of personality, the PID-5, which consists of the five trait domains detachment, psychoticism, antagonism, disinhibition, and negative affect, was administered. Based on all night high-density (58 channel) sleep EEG recordings, power in the delta (0.6 to 4.6 Hz) and sigma (11 to 16 Hz) bands was computed, allowing for the analysis of slow waves and sleep spindles. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between PID-5 dimensions and delta and sigma power. Correction for multiple comparisons was applied to counteract false positives. Results: Results of stepwise regression indicated that greater negative affect was associated with reduced delta power, while more antagonism was related to more power in the delta band for several electrodes (p < .05). Higher scores in detachment and psychoticism were linked to diminished sigma power (p < .05). Conclusion: We find that negative affect and antagonism are related to altered delta power independent of other dimensions of personality functioning in both depressed and healthy adolescents. These findings are in line with previous literature showing diminished delta power in those with MDD and call for further investigation of the relationship between antagonism and sleep neurophysiology. The association between psychoticism and reduced spindle activity fits evidence on compromised spindles in psychotic disorders. Taken together, our results support the notion that mental health in youth is accurately thought of as a continuum. |